Read the story behind Zapit, a random-access optogenetics system developed at SWC in collaboration with the Advanced Microscopy team.

New research from the Duan Lab, published as two preprints, shows that mice trained to play a competitive game against an exploitative computer learned to keep their opponent guessing. When a choice was unpredictable, reward signals in the cortex were still present but no longer tied to the next choice. While dopamine tracked reward outcomes to guide learning, norepinephrine signals reflected longer timescale information to shape broader strategy in multi-agent decision contexts.